Abstract
Au nanoparticles (NPs) possess unique physicochemical and optical properties, showing great potential in biomedical applications. Diagnostic spectroscopy utilizing varied Au NPs has become a precision tool of in vitro and in vivo diagnostic for cancer and other specific diseases. In this review, we tried to comprehensively introduce the remarkable optical properties of Au NPs, including localized surfaces plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF). Then, we highlighted the excellent works using Au NPs for optical diagnostic applications. Ultimately, the challenges and future perspective of using Au NPs for optical diagnostic were discussed.
Highlights
Diagnostics are essential in biomedical science and clinical practice to improve global healthcare
Thanks to their unique physical and optical properties, Au NPs engineered with desired properties have been extend to the trace analysis of targets, exhibiting superior performance in many biomedical application, including molecular recognition, sensing, and imaging
Functionalized Au NPs can be bound to the specific targets (RNA, DNA, and proteins), being capable of the detections of biomarkers that related to specific diseases, e.g., cancers, lethiferous infections, and chronic diseases
Summary
Diagnostics are essential in biomedical science and clinical practice to improve global healthcare. The tandem mass spectrometry coupled to gas chromatography (GC-MS/MS) or liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS) has largely improved performance in biological analysis by enhancing the analyte identification and reducing the detection and quantification limits These methods are difficult to popularize broadly due to the complicated sample preparation and expensive instruments, which increase the time and cost required for practical applications. Au NPs with various geometric morphologies such as nanospheres [17,18,19], nanorods [17,20], nanostars [21,22,23], nanopyramids [24,25], and nanoflowers [26,27] have been successfully synthesized and explored for biomedical applications These Au NPs exhibit distinctive and substantial optical properties, including the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), which called metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF).
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