Abstract
Diagnostic trends in medicine are pushing biomedical imaging from the morphological level to the cellular and molecular levels. Optical imaging not only enables highresolution visualization, but also provides spectroscopic content for a wide variety of diagnostic detection and imaging methods. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), since its inception in the early 1990s, has enabled a wide range of investigations in medical, surgical, and biology applications. Still, limitations exist that have slowed OCT from evolving from a morphological imaging technique to one that images cellular and molecular components. This lecture will present an overview of the OCT technology and the elements in carcinogenesis and tumor cell biology that are amenable for OCT imaging, detection, and diagnosis. The latest advances in novel molecular and cellular imaging techniques using OCT and its many related methods will be presented. Recent research efforts have developed novel molecularly-targeted contrast agents based not on fluorescence, but on optical properties suitable for detection by OCT. By utilizing Spectroscopic OCT techniques and algorithms, the spectroscopic content of the OCT signal can be extracted to provide diagnostic information on the absorption and scattering properties of biological tissues in a depth-resolved, 3-D manner. In addition, a newly developed technique called Nonlinear Interferometric Vibrational Imaging (NIVI) will be introduced as a means to map the 3-D spatial distribution of Coherent Anti-Stoke Raman Scattering (CARS) signals by performing coherent ranging using interferometry, and taking advantage of heterodyne detection as in OCT. While these and other novel techniques are being applied broadly in medical and biological applications, focus areas in this lecture will be in cancer detection and imaging, and the real-time monitoring of 3D cell dynamics for the basic science investigation of tumor cell behavior. These advances are likely to further extend our basic understanding of tumor biology as well as the diagnostic imaging capabilities of OCT as a novel clinical imaging modality.
Published Version
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