Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia, the major cause of arteriovenous graft (AVG) stenosis, is not directly visualized by angiography. A 60-year-old woman on hemodialysis presented with a clotted AVG 30 days after its creation. Following percutaneous thrombectomy, angiography revealed severe (4 50%) stenosis at the graft (G)-vein (V) anastomosis (arrow in Fig 1). Optical coherence tomography performed using an intravascular Dragonfly catheter (St. Jude Medical, Westford, Massachusetts) delineated the intima in bright yellow. It demonstrated severe, focal, circumferential neointimal hyperplasia at the
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