Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe priority task of the world community of neurologists is the early diagnosis of dementia, which is associated with an increase in life expectancy of the population. Among all dementias, Alzheimer’s disease occupies a leading position. Existing criteria for Alzheimer’s disease do not allow a diagnosis at the stage of predementia. New predictors of cognitive deficits, as such a method, scientists hope for optical coherence tomography.Method90 patients were examined, divided into 3 groups: the first group ‐ patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), meeting the NINCDS ADRDA criteria, the second ‐ patients with vascular dementia (VD), meeting the NINDS‐AIREN criteria. According to the criteria, each group of BA and DM consisted of 21 (70%) women and 9 (30%) men, mean age 65 years [61; 67] ∖ 66 [60; 69] years respectively. The third group included patients with open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) ‐ 20 (66.7%) women and 10 (33.3%) men, mean age 70 years [62; 76] years.ResultAccording to the results of OCT in the area of the optic disc, there were no statistically significant differences in the width of the neuroretinal rim between the groups. In the VAD group, the thickness of the peripapillary layer of nerve fibers in the upper and lower temporal quadrants was greater than in the DA and POAG groups. OCT in the macular region revealed a decrease in the thickness of the retina and the inner plexiform layer in the upper and lower quadrant of the peripheral region, as well as a decrease in the thickness of the nerve fibers, the ganglionic layer in the lower quadrant of the peripheral region in the OP and POAG groups compared with the VAD group.ConclusionBased on the data obtained, it can be concluded that in AD, degenerative changes in the retina are observed in the peripheral region, while in VD, the process is more pronounced in the foveal (central) region of the retina. In conclusion, it should be noted that a comprehensive ophthalmological examination can become one of the key and affordable methods for the early diagnosis of BA.

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