Abstract
Optical wireless communications (OWC) are emerging as cost-effective and practical solutions to the congested radio frequency-based wireless technologies. As part of OWC, optical camera communications (OCC) have become very attractive, considering recent developments in cameras and the use of fitted cameras in smart devices. OCC together with visible light communications (VLC) is considered within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization. OCCs based on both organic and inorganic light sources as well as cameras are being considered for low-rate transmissions and localization in indoor as well as outdoor short-range applications and within the framework of the IEEE 802.15.7m standardization together with VLC. This paper introduces the underlying principles of OCC and gives a comprehensive overview of this emerging technology with recent standardization activities in OCC. It also outlines the key technical issues such as mobility, coverage, interference, performance enhancement, etc. Future research directions and open issues are also presented.
Highlights
The rapid increase in the data being generated and the growing demand for capacity have pushed existing congested radio frequency (RF)-based wireless communications to their limits
Optical camera communications have the potential to provide a complementary solution to Optical wireless communications (OWC)
This paper has presented a comprehensive survey on optical camera communication (OCC), covering its current status as well as potential developments and challenges facing the OCC system
Summary
The rapid increase in the data being generated and the growing demand for capacity have pushed existing congested radio frequency (RF)-based wireless communications to their limits. Contrast existing light-emitting diodes (LEDs)-based lighting as the transmitter offer significantly higher luminous data communications and indoor localization. To other lighting sources, LEDs can be switched at a very high speed, facilitating data transmission that can be picked up using photodiodes (PDs) or image sensors (ISs). The camera (IS)-based receiver (RX) is capable of capturing information massiveonmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, enabling spatial separation of light sources the IS. This paper, on the other hand, presents a comprehensive survey on OCC in such a way that it focuses heavily on the principles and modulations of OCC to date, together with potential applications and future research directions in mind It outlines key technologies and standardization as well as modulation schemes that have been proposed and investigated. List of both abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the paper
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