Abstract
After recalling some definitions relative to the attitude reference systems, the paper summarizes the two main desion baselines : the reference sources radiation characteristics, and the radiation detector properties. The review of the various types of optical attitude sensors starts with a tentative classification, and then the principle and operation mode of the most important types are described, with emphasis on static Earth sensors in order to show the type of difficulties encountered in design and manufacture. Functional testing problems are briefly discussed. Après avoir rappelé Quelques définitions relatives aux systèmes de référence d'attitude l'exposé résume les deux problèmes de base de la conception des senseurs : propriétés de rayonnement des références astronomioues et caractéristioues des capteurs de rayonnement. Aprés une tentative de classification des senseurs d'attitude, on décrit le principe et le mode de fonctionnement des principaux types, en insistant sur le senseur d'horizon statique pour montrer les difficultés rencontrées dans la conception et la fabrication. Enfin, on discute brièvement le problème des tests fonctionnels.
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