Abstract
Polyaniline (PANI) polymer was successfully prepared by the chemical oxidation method at 0 oC. Polyaniline-nano grapheme (GN) powder nanocomposites were prepared by the addition of GN with different weight ratios (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 g wt. %) during the polymerization of PANI. It was found that the polymerization reaction of poly-aniline was exothermic. The effect of adding nano-graphene powder during polymerization process on the time and temperature of the reaction was studied. The resulting polymer was diagnosed using several methods, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The results of FTIR demonstrated a shift to higher wave numbers in the peaks of nanocomposites, due to PANI peaks, in addition to the matching between the groups of active sites of the polymer with its chemical composition. The results of the optical properties showed a decrease in the energy gap of the nanocomposite compared with that of the pure PANI sample. The morphology of the samples was studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The increase in the concentration of GN led to a change in the surface morphology of the composites. The results predict that the PANI/GN nano-composites can be used in many applications, such as those of sensors.
Highlights
Polyaniline (PANI) is an organic material discovered in 1834 by Runge, and was known as "aniline black"
This indicates that an increase in the formation of free radicals leads to an increase in the reaction speed, which is reflected on the reaction temperature
This study demonstrated that the reaction of polymerization of PANI was exothermic
Summary
Polyaniline (PANI) is an organic material discovered in 1834 by Runge, and was known as "aniline black". Green and Woodhead, in1912, found the interesting property of PANI, which is a mixed oxidation polymer consisting of reduced benzoid and oxidized quinoid units [1, 2]. It is well known that PANI exists in three different oxidation states, which are the leucoemeraldine, emeraldine, and pernigraniline, where only polyemeraldine is electrically conductive [3,4]. PANI is among the most appealing conductive polymers due to the existence of the –NH– flocks in its chain, which gives singular physical and chemical properties such as good electrical conductivity and high environmental stability. PANI is utilized in a wide spectrum of implementations, including the production of batteries, sensors, electronic devices, and supercapacitors [6, 7]
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