Abstract
The properties of colligative states of spontaneously aggregated polymethine dyes differ substantially from those of monomeric dye. Excellent examples of such self-organized molecular ensembles are J-aggregates of cyanine dyes. The J-aggregated state is now being considered for a number of non-cyanine dyes, the cyanine dye is still the most known and effective dye for J-aggregate formation (Wurthner, 2011). J-aggregates of cyanine dyes, first discovered by Jelley and Scheibe in 1936 (Jelley, 1936; Scheibe, 1936), have been studied for many years (Kobayashi, 1996). J-aggregates of cyanine dyes attract the attention of the researchers due to their interesting optical properties. J-aggregates are characterized by a strong absorption peak (J-peak) with narrow line widths which are bathochromically shifted relative to the absorption band of the monomeric dye. Their role as photographic sensitizers can hardly be overestimated (Tani, 1996; Trosken et al., 1995; Shapiro, 1994). Aggregates of dye molecules may be used to mimic light harvesting arrays and to prepare artificial photosynthetic systems (McDermott et al., 1995; Blankenship, 1995). Another development is the efficient electroluminescence revealed in single-layer light-emitting diodes based on electron-hole conducting polymers containing nano-crystalline phases of J-aggregates of cyanine dyes (Mal'tsev et al., 1999).
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