Abstract
Diluted magnetic semiconductors Zn1-xNixS with different consistency ratio (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method using ethylenediamine as a modifier. The influence of Ni doping concentration on the microstructure, morphology, and optical and magnetic properties of undoped and Ni doped ZnS nanocrystals was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry (XEDS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectra (PL), and the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), respectively. The experiment results show the substitution of Ni2+ on Zn2+ sites without changing the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnS and generate single-phase Zn1-xNixS with good crystallization. The lattice constant causes distortion and decreases with the increase of Ni2+ doped concentration. The appearance of the samples is one-dimensional well-dispersed nanorods. UV-vis spectra reveal the band gap of all Zn1-xNixS samples greater than that of bulk ZnS (3.67 eV), and blue shift phenomenon occurs. The photoluminescence spectra of undoped and doped samples possess the broad blue emission band in the range of 400–650 nm; the PL intensities of Zn1-xNixS nanorods increase with the increase of Ni content comparing to pure ZnS and reach maximum for x = 0.03. Magnetic measurements indicated that the undoped ZnS samples are superparamagnetic, whereas the doped samples exhibit ferromagnetism.
Highlights
Diluted magnetic semiconductors refer to a new type of semiconductor material with both spin and charge degrees of freedom that is formed by the substitution of transition metals and rare earth ions to a small fraction of nonmagnetic cations in nonmagnetic semiconductors [1, 2]
It can be clearly observed from the pattern that the diffraction peaks located at 2θ = 26.91∘, 28.50∘, 30.53∘, 39.61∘, 47.56∘, 51.78∘, and 56.39∘ corresponding to (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), and (112) crystallographic planes of ZnS, respectively
All diffraction peaks can be well indexed as the hexagonal wurtzite phase ZnS crystalline structure, which are consistent with the standard spectrum (JCPDS number 361450)
Summary
Diluted magnetic semiconductors refer to a new type of semiconductor material with both spin and charge degrees of freedom that is formed by the substitution of transition metals and rare earth ions to a small fraction of nonmagnetic cations in nonmagnetic semiconductors [1, 2]. ZnS is one of the prospective candidates for multifunctional semiconductor material device because of its wide band gap (3.67 eV), free exciting binding energy (60 meV), and high index of refraction (2.27) and it possesses good piezoelectric, ferromagnetic, photoelectric, and photosensitive properties. In order to obtain the intrinsic dilute magnetic semiconductors, transition metal doped ZnS has been widely studied by different methods. The scientific research on the microstructure and optical and magnetic properties of Ni doped ZnS is not systematic and comprehensive. We successfully synthesized the Zn1−xNixS diluted magnetic semiconductors with different doping consistency (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) by hydrothermal method. Using the testing method of HRTEM, XRD, XEDS, UV-vis, FT-IR, PL, and VSM, the sample’s properties and microstructure were identified, including structure, morphology, constituent elements, and optical and magnetic properties
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