Abstract
Nanocrystalline sample of 5% Ca doped ZnO was synthesized using sol–gel route and characterized by powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and magnetization measurements. Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns confirmed that the synthesized sample is nanocrystalline and crystallizes in single phase wurtzite type hexagonal structure without impurity structure and the obtained values of the lattice parameters is very close to those reported for ZnO. From the Williamson-Hall plots the estimated values of strain parameter and average crystallite size are 0.0016 and 22 nm respectively. Optical absorption study shows that maximum photo absorption take place below 450 nm and the direct band gap energy is 2.84 eV. Room temperature field dependent magnetization curve display ferromagnetic hysteresis loop. 5% Ca doping in ZnO leads to decrease in the band gap and enhance the magnetization.
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