Abstract
Neighbourhoods can contribute to climate change mitigation by supplying and/or facilitating renewable energy sources (RES). In this context, we evaluate opportunities related to the energy system of a Norwegian university campus, Campus Evenstad, by quantifying monetary value of local energy resources like solar photovoltaics (PV) and a bio-based combined heat and power (CHP) plant in a cost analysis. Environmental value is discussed regarding operational control of energy units to minimize emissions. Using mixed integer linear programming (MILP), we also present results from an investment analysis for local thermal and electric energy system to achieve different levels of emission compensation. Results show that local electricity supply generates most monetary value through saved costs related to reduced power grid import, and that solar PV is the most cost-efficient resource to achieve compensation of GHG emissions.
Highlights
Within the Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities (FME ZEN), the definition of a ‘Zero Emission Neighbourhood’ (ZEN) [1] highlights measures related to energy efficiency, renewable energy, flexible operations and economic sustainability.A method for emission compensation for buildings has been developed in the Norwegian Zero Emission Building (ZEB) Research Centre [2]
The idea is to compensate for the total life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission measured in CO2 equivalents by producing more onsite energy than needed for self-consumption
Investigate the following questions: (1) What economic and environmental value does the local energy production and storage represent at Campus Evenstad? and (2) Which investments in local energy production and storage is required to compensate for GHG emissions related to energy use at Campus Evenstad, in a cost-efficient manner?
Summary
Within the Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities (FME ZEN), the definition of a ‘Zero Emission Neighbourhood’ (ZEN) [1] highlights measures related to energy efficiency, renewable energy, flexible operations and economic sustainability. The delivered energy to nZEBs should to a significant extent be covered by local renewable energy sources (RES). This includes electricity and heat produced and delivered inside or nearby the building. This paper presents a case study of Campus Evenstad which has a total floor area of 10, 000 m2, and consists of several buildings, local energy production and local energy storage. Investigate the following questions: (1) What economic and environmental value does the local energy production and storage represent at Campus Evenstad? (2) Which investments in local energy production and storage is required to compensate for GHG emissions related to energy use at Campus Evenstad, in a cost-efficient manner?.
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