Abstract
Ethiopia is one of the fastest-growing economies in the world despite immense challenges towards access to sustainable energy supplies and modern energy technologies. The country is undertaking great effort towards the development of renewable energy technologies and green legacy. However, the largest share of energy consumption (≈87%) in Ethiopia is dominated by traditional fuels (charcoal, fuel wood, dung cakes, and agricultural residues) which pose various health and environmental risks. The country has an enormous amount of renewable energy potentials (e.g., solar, hydro, wind and geothermal), but only 5% of its full hydropower potential is exploited and others are not fully harvested or not well developed to date. This review paper provides a comprehensive assessment on renewable energy availability, potential, opportunity, and challenges in Ethiopia. We believe the information provided in this review will enlighten the current and future prospects of renewable energy deployment in Ethiopia.
Highlights
The household energy use was predominantly originated from biomass, which accounts for 88% and 9.26% was consumed by electricity and petroleum products collectively
Government of Ethiopia (GoE) is increased from 5% in 2000 to 45% in 2016, resulting in the flourishing off-grid access of hydro, solar, wind, bio and geothermal power
Ethiopia is undertaking great effort towards the development of renewable energy technologies including the development of hydropower, wind, solar and geothermal energy
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The forecast on the trend of primary energy sources indicate that renewable energy is the fastest-growing energy source in the coming two decades [2,3]. The. Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has been taking renewable energy initiatives and efforts to respond to the ever-increasing demand for electricity in the country and to combat climate change. Ethiopia has an abundant source of solar irradiations in the highlands, wind energy in flat areas, and several rivers in forested areas These ample energy sources are largely unexploited. The review discusses the current and future prospect of renewable energy deployment in Ethiopia It provides information on the potential emerging energy systems based on marine renewable energy sources and hydrogen technologies in the country
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