Opportunities and Challenges of Mitigation and Adaptation of Climate Change in Indonesia

Gun Mardiatmoko

doi:10.5772/intechopen.97027

Abstract

The impacts of climate change are changes in rainfall patterns, sea level rise and extreme weather or extreme meteorological events. This impact will further provide dangers that threaten the sustainability of human life. The main causes of climate change are deforestation and forest degradation and the growth rate of industry and transportation modes that are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, Indonesia is participating in the Paris Agreement and implementing the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation program, role of conservation, sustainable management of forest and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+). In an effort to increase the prosperity of the State, many forests have been transferred to other uses such as the development of oil palm plantations, agricultural land and urban expansion etc. In fact, many agricultural lands have changed their function into settlements. If this happens, the forest area will continue to decrease again because after the agricultural land has turned into residential land, the forest land is converted again for agricultural expansion, this happens continuously. When viewed from the CO2 flux, there will also be changes in the basic CO2 flux from forest land, plantation land, agriculture and urban areas. The problem of deforestation and forest degradation is inseparable from the large number of forest conversion functions into oil palm plantations, expansion of agricultural areas and other uses such as urban development and infrastructure. Opportunities for climate change mitigation and adaptation include the implementation of the REDD+ program, financing of climate change mitigation and availability of climate information. The challenges faced include the lack of synergy in the policy framework and implementation of climate change control, recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights and uncertainty in the implementation of the REDD+ program.

Highlights

This paper discusses the implications of climate change in Indonesia and discusses the challenges to and opportunities for climate change mitigation and adaptation within Indonesia.Climate Issues in Asia and Africa - Examining Climate, Its Flux, the Consequences, and Society’s...It is widely known that one of the reasons for climate change is global warming which is marked by an increase in air temperature
There is certainty that REDD+ will have impacts that go beyond mitigation and are sustainable in a climate that changes over time [17]
There are funding opportunities to carry out climate change mitigation and adaptation sourced from (1) public funds through the State Budget (APBN), (2) funds from abroad in the form of grants or loans (3) Funds from the private sector through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Green Bond [18]

Summary

Introduction

These three factors fluctuate greatly from day to day depending on climatic and hydrological factors, resulting in high fluctuations in carbon emissions [7, 8]. In an effort to increase the prosperity of a country, a lot of forest is transferred to other uses such as the development of oil palm plantations, agricultural land, livestock grazing and urban expansion etc. Forest management must endeavor to be able to generate more tangible benefits from non-forest uses

Expansion of oil palm plantations and the issue of deforestation

Mitigation and adaptation opportunities through the REDD+ Program

Climate change financing opportunities

Opportunities for providing climate information

A policy framework and implementation of climate change control have not yet gone hand in hand

The rights of indigenous peoples to the REDD+ program

Uncertainty in the implementation of the REDD+ program

Findings

Conclusion