Abstract
This paper proposes an opportunistic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks that works on top of an asynchronous duty-cycling medium access control (MAC) protocol. The proposed protocol is designed for applications that are not real-time but still have some requirements on packet delay. The main idea is that if a packet has time to spare, it can wait on a node hoping that it can be aggregated with other packets, resulting in reduced number of transmissions. The forwarders and the packet hold time depend on the energy status of nodes in the network. The simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves longer network lifetime compared to the other state-of-the-art protocols, while satisfying application delay requirements.
Highlights
It is well known that energy efficiency is the most important factor in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks, since the network may need to operate without human intervention for as long as possible
3.1 Preliminaries: Opportunistic Routing in Wireless sensor network (ORW) and Opportunistic Routing with In-network Aggregation (ORIA) ORW is an opportunsic protocol designed to work on top of BoX-medium access control (MAC), an asynchronous duty-cycled MAC protocol
Network lifetime is defined as the time until the first node runs out of energy [32], and ratio of late packets is the percentage of packets that are arrived at the sink later than the delay requirement
Summary
It is well known that energy efficiency is the most important factor in designing protocols for wireless sensor networks, since the network may need to operate without human intervention for as long as possible. It is shown that ExOR achieves longer network lifetime compared to a tree-based protocol in an ad hoc network, it cannot be used in a duty-cycled WSN since not all nodes are awake when the sender transmits its packet. A node chooses a set of candidate forwarders and forwards its packet to whoever wakes up first, after the node starts transmitting packets This strategy works well with BoX-MAC, since the sender sends the packet repeatedly until a receiver receives the packet and replies by sending an ACK. The proposed protocol described considers packet delay requirements, while pursuing the benefit of opportunistic routing and in-network aggregation. It is what makes the proposed protocol different from other existing protocols
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