Opportunistic fungal infections of ent organs. Part 2

Abstract

The review of literature summarized information about main fungal pathogens and theirs proportions in infections affecting the ENT areas. Different nosological forms of fungal diseases of upper respiratory tract and ear were considered, and listed the main clinical manifestations. Microbiological diagnosis of mycoses affecting the ENT organs is based on microscopic, mycological, immunological and molecular-genetic studies. The review paid particular attention to the treatment of fungal infections of the areas. It presented the classification of modern antifungal drugs, and described regimens and duration of treatment depending on fungus type, disease severity and other patient's condition. It was noted that success of therapy of fungal infections affecting upper respiratory tract and ear now provided by using of complex antimycotics, immunotropic agents, antihistamines and probiotics. The emergence of resistant strains of micromycetes was observed as the main reason for decreased effectiveness of antifungal agents. Prospective solution of this problem were indicated by way of using of biologically active plant compounds, nanoantiseptics, metal ions, enzymes and photodynamic therapy. The review suggested relevance of increasing rates of fungal morbidity affecting the ENT areas, the necessity of early diagnosis, the search of new antifungal agents and compounds with fungicidal activity and theirs introduction into clinical practice.