Abstract
Opportunist mycobacteria are known by many terms, including ‘non-tuberculous mycobacteria’, ‘atypical mycobacteria’, ‘environmental mycobacteria’ and ‘mycobacteria other than tuberculosis’. They are ubiquitous, low-grade pathogens. More than 60% of opportunist mycobacterial infections are positive on direct microscopy of sputum, but person-to-person spread is very uncommon and the conditions caused are not notifiable. The species that most commonly cause pulmonary disease are Mycobacterium kansasii, M. avium intracellulare (MAC), M. malmoense and M. xenopi.
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