Oportunidades perdidas de vacunación en la Consulta Externa de Pediatría

Abstract

Introduction. An incomplete vaccination cover and missed opportunities of vaccination (MOV) in children are a source of unsatisfactory immunization. Pediatric consultation is one of the most important opportunities to apply preventive health measures, and also to verify the adequate immunization. Objective. To evaluate missed opportunities for vaccination and the reason for it in children seen in the Outpatient Department of the Instituto Nacional de Pediatria (INP) (National Institute of Pediatrics). Material and methods. Observational, prospective, cross study through the application of a survey of children seen in the Pediatric Outpatient Service of the INP in March 2012, to determine the frequency of complete and incomplete vaccination courses and related factors. Statistical analysis was performed in SPSS to determine frequencies and measures of central tendency; the risk of related factors was determined by odds ratio with confidence intervals of 95% IC 95. Results. The study included 250 patients, median age 4 years, 57% male; 50.6 % from the Federal District (DF). We included 171 patients (68.4 %) with a vaccination card, of these, 53.2 % had an incomplete vaccination course. 17.5 % of mothers had no idea of the date for the next vaccine, a risk factor of p( <0.05 ). In 96.7 % of the patients, incomplete immunization was based on incorrect contraindications, of these, 26.3 % were attributed to a disease. Conclusions. There was a significant proportion of MOV primarily related to incorrect contraindications and to the lack of information given to the parents with respect to vaccines. Therefore continuing education programs for the health staff should be carried out in order to strengthen such information