Oplemenjivanje manje poznatih krmnih biljaka za održivu poljoprivredu

Tomas Vymyslicky

doi:10.5937/ratpov1401001v

Abstract

There is a lack of knowledge on the diversity and geographical distribution of less utilized species in agriculture. Breeding programmes of minor crops are very important for increasing the diversity in agriculture and for sustainable agriculture. Input materials in most cases are crop wild relatives of main cultivated forage species like alfalfa, red clover, white clover, etc. Gathering, growing and breeding of crop wild relatives has a long tradition in the Czech Republic. In the workplace in Troubsko it has been done for 60 years. The result of this activity is 21 registered varieties of different minor crops (Trifolium pannonicum, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus sativus, Trigonella foenum-graecum etc.) and many breeding lines included in the state registration trials (Astragalus cicer, Trifolium alpestre, Galega orientalis etc.). One of the results of breeding programme is a unique variety Trifolium pratense x Trifolium medium (Trifolium x permixtum) - PRAMEDI. The variety was bred as interspecific hybridisation of the red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cv. Tatra (2n = 4x = 28) and zigzag clover (T. medium L.) (2n = 8x = 64). It is perennial legume species, which is suitable as substitution of the red clover, especially in dry and warm regions. The height, flowering time and quality are comparable to standard tetraploid red clover varieties. By the plants short underground rhizomes are frequent and the plants have better persistence. .

Highlights

The total number of plant species which are cultivated as agricultural or horticultural crops, can be close to 7,000, but only about 30 species “feed the world”
Breeding programmes of minor crops are very important for increasing the diversity in agriculture and for sustainable agriculture
It is in accordance to other countries and Fabaceae species (Martincová & Kizeková 2010, Jahufer et al 1994, Kouame & Quesenberry 1993, Vymyslický et al 2012, etc.). The result of this activity is 21 registered varieties of different minor crops (Trifolium pannonicum, Lablab purpureus, Lathyrus sativus, Trigonella foenum-graecum, etc.) and many breeding lines included in the state registration trials (Astragalus cicer, Trifolium alpestre, Galega orientalis, etc.)

Summary

Introduction

The total number of plant species which are cultivated as agricultural or horticultural crops, can be close to 7,000, but only about 30 species “feed the world”. Many of the crop species are considered to be minor at a global scale, but some of them are important locally for food security in the developing world. In forages, a lot of minor crops are crop wild relatives of main cultivated forage species like alfalfa, red clover, white clover, etc. Growing and breeding of crop wild relatives has a long tradition in the Czech Republic.

Results

Conclusion