Opioids and hibernation. II. Effects of kappa opioid U69593 on induction of hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels by “hibernation induction trigger” (HIT)

Abstract

A “Hibernation Induction Trigger” (HIT) isolated from plasma of winter-hibernating woodchucks induced hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels ( Citellus tridecemlineatus ). Effects of kappa opioid U69593 on the HIT-induced hibernation were examined. U69593 alone did not elicit marked behavioral alteration or hibernation in summer-active ground squirrels. U69593, however, antagonized hibernation induced by HIT in summer active ground squirrels. In the guinea pig ileum myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle preparation, woodchuck HIT depressed the electrically-induced contraction. The depression was, however, neither reversed nor blocked by naloxone even when naloxone was used at high doses. This study demonstrates that kappa opioid, at least in the case of U69593, was unable to induce hibernation in the summer-active ground squirrels. The results also demonstrate that woodchuck HIT, like the bear HIT, did not act directly at opioid receptors. Together with our previous observation that naloxone blocked summer hibernation induced by HIT (Bruce et al. , Life Sci., this issue), it is tempting to suggest that HIT may not mediate its effects through kappa opioid receptors but may do so through other types of opioid receptors such as mu or delta . U69593 may antagonize HIT-induced hibernation as a mu or delta receptor antagonist.