Opioid receptor selectivity of peptide models of β-endorphin*

Abstract

Two peptides, designed to contain structural models of the proposed hydrophilic linker domain (residues 6-12) and amphiphilic alpha-helical domain (residues 13-29) in beta-endorphin, have been tested for their abilities to mimic the opioid receptor selectivity profile of the natural hormone. In competitive binding assays employing guinea-pig brain membranes, both peptides displayed a much higher affinity for mu- and delta-opioid receptors than for kappa opioid receptors. Relative to beta-endorphin, the peptide models were 2-3 times more potent in the mu and kappa receptor binding assays, and about equipotent in the delta receptor binding assay. In guinea-pig ileum assays, one peptide was equipotent to beta-endorphin and the other was twice as potent. Like beta-endorphin, their actions on this tissue were highly sensitive to naloxone antagonism, indicating that they were mediated by mu receptors and not kappa receptors. In view of the design of the two peptide models, and their minimal homology to the natural hormone, these results provide additional evidence in support to our proposal for the functional conformation of beta-endorphin.