Operculum regeneration following failed predation in the Silurian gastropodOriostoma

Abstract

Regeneration of the calcareous rigiclaudent operculum following severe, non-lethal, predatory attacks is described in two specimens of the characteristic Silurian gastropod Oriostoma from the English Midlands. This is the first record of the regeneration of opercula in Palaeozoic gastropods and of opercula conjoined with shells that have been repaired after significant, failed, durophagous attacks. In one specimen, a series of repaired injuries culminates in a repaired aperture closed by the operculum. In the second specimen, new shell growth has failed to recover the full extent of the original broken whorl, and the new aperture and operculum, though well developed, are smaller than the originals. Both opercula are unusually thin centrally when compared to other, strongly domed, Oriostoma opercula.