Abstract
The efforts of international and interdisciplinary talent have contributed to the evolution of diagnostic and operative laparoscopy. The underlying concepts have been reviewed by Semm, Cuschieri and Buess, Murphy, Gomel, and Nezhat and co-workers, among others.1–5 Topics have included essential instrumention, the value of multiple puncture sites, insufflation equipment, light sources, endoscopic photography, and video monitors and their applications in endoscopic procedures. The Nezhat team has emphasized the accelerated emergence of videolaparoscopy and videolaseroscopy as a safe alternative to surgical laparotomy.5 Since the late 1970s, improvements in light sources, optics, video cameras, monitors, electrosurgery, and laser technology have allowed surgeons and assistants to work with advanced equipment. Comfortably standing up, they can watch a magnified video monitor that gives a view of the surgical field sensed by a “mini” camera coupled to a CO2 laser laparoscope, which incorporates a helium-beam guide light.5
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