Abstract
Academics and practitioners have become more interested in the operationalization and measurement of social-ecological resilience. An analysis of how social-ecological resilience has been operationalized and measured is crucial to understanding systems complexity and dynamics and for clarifying empirical cases of monitoring programmes in ways that enrich their utility and explanatory power. The literature shows that social-ecological resilience has been operationalized using the concepts of adaptability and absorption of disturbance. In addition, diversity and connectivity are principles that have been studied. Climate change in rural coastal regions is the most common stressor that has been studied, and the human dimension of such systems is the dominant focus. Systems interactions, feedbacks and thresholds are rarely identified or assessed. In addition, attributes of the system primarily using indicators are preferred over analysing causal relationships with models. Answering the question of what this resilience is for is a very important aspect of defining the system and the method for assessing resilience.
Highlights
Social-ecological systems resilience is a topic of interest for academics and practitioners due to the extensive and rapid global changes and other stressors that threaten both ecosystem services and human well-being [1]
Studies were checked in detail to identify those with both social and environmental variables, as the social-ecological resilience approach implies that either a social or ecological system cannot be considered in the absence of the other [22]
Conceptual Elements It is necessary to clarify how resilience is conceptualized by explicitly defining the conceptual elements that are to be addressed [10] to know what is being measured and to delineate the changes that have been observed in reality from the theoretical ones [26]
Summary
Social-ecological systems resilience is a topic of interest for academics and practitioners due to the extensive and rapid global changes and other stressors that threaten both ecosystem services and human well-being [1]. Social-ecological systems (SESs) are complex and dynamic, and their resilience is defined as “the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing a change to still retain essentially the same function, structure, identity, and feedbacks” [3] The absorption of a disturbance is the amount of change that a system can absorb without changing to a different state [4], and reorganization is the internal control capability of the system to respond [5] or, in other words, the adjustment of the system through the interaction between components [6] Following these definitions, a system is resilient if it can absorb and reorganize. Adaptability is the capacity of actors in a system to influence resilience [3,7] by learning, sharing knowledge, and adjusting responses and institutions [8]
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