Abstract
Bangladesh is one of the most flood-affected countries in the world. In the last few decades, flood frequency, intensity, duration, and devastation have increased in Bangladesh. Identifying flood-damaged areas is highly essential for an effective flood response. This study aimed at developing an operational methodology for rapid flood inundation and potential flood damaged area mapping to support a quick and effective event response. Sentinel-1 images from March, April, June, and August 2017 were used to generate inundation extents of the corresponding months. The 2017 pre-flood land cover maps were prepared using Landsat-8 images to identify major land cover on the ground before flooding. The overall accuracy of flood inundation mapping was 96.44% and the accuracy of the land cover map was 87.51%. The total flood inundated area corresponded to 2.01%, 4.53%, and 7.01% for the months April, June, and August 2017, respectively. Based on the Landsat-8 derived land cover information, the study determined that cropland damaged by floods was 1.51% in April, 3.46% in June, 5.30% in August, located mostly in the Sylhet and Rangpur divisions. Finally, flood inundation maps were distributed to the broader user community to aid in hazard response. The data and methodology of the study can be replicated for every year to map flooding in Bangladesh.
Highlights
The Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna (GBM) basins are one of the most flood-prone basins in the world
Due to being part of such big basins and most of the area being less than 7 m above mean sea level, Bangladesh faces the cumulative effects of floods due to water flashing from nearby hills, the accumulation of the inflow of water from upstream catchments, and locally heavy rainfall enhanced by drainage congestion [1,2,3,4]
The results show the presence of perennial waterbodies in March 2017 covering an area of 5.03% in Bangladesh
Summary
The Ganges, Brahmaputra, Meghna (GBM) basins are one of the most flood-prone basins in the world. 20,000 deaths have been reported due to flooding from 1954–2007 [8]. More than 80% of the country is flood prone [10]. Approximately 20–25% of the area of the country is inundated by floods, while in extreme years, the inundated area makes up more than 60% of the country [11]. During the 2017 flood, more than 30% of the country’s areas were inundated, causing at least 134 deaths and affecting more than 5.7 million people [12]. Between 1995–2015, there was at least a $166 billion economic loss caused by different floods events around the world [13]
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