Abstract
Eco-friendly vehicle technologies for commercial bus applications, such as a plug-in series-hybrid electric vehicle (SHEV), a pure battery electric vehicle (BEV), and an electric vehicle (EV) with dynamic wireless charging electric vehicle (DWEV), are analyzed in view of operational efficiency by calculating the optimized energy consumption from simulation based upon derived specifications of each power drive system. By developing proper vehicle driving modelling and controllers to achieve the required performances of different types of commercial buses, energy consumption and efficiency analysis over NY Manhattan (NY), the High Speed Heavy Duty Diesel Truck (HHDT), and the actual measured ‘on-campus’ drive cycles are performed for equivalent and practical comparison. Typical driving behaviors, vehicle headways, and dynamic wireless charging phenomena associated with the on-board battery energy capacity are considered. For DWEV, several different schemes of installing an on-road powered track for stationary and dynamic on-road charging are compared. The overall operational efficiency of the BEV and the DWEV, in view of energy cost, showed higher than that of the SHEV. Compared with the baseline CNG-engine bus, the energy consumption reductions, in view of energy cost, were found to be 10% for the SHEV, 60% for the BEV, and 65% for the DWEV.
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