Abstract
The article presents issues regarding the impact of operating conditions on the functional reliability of representative fire alarm systems (FASs) in selected critical infrastructure buildings (CIB). FAS should operate correctly under variable environmental conditions. FASs ensure the safety of people and CIB. Operational measurements for 10 representative systems were conducted in order to determine the impact of environmental conditions on FAS reliability. Selected operational indices were also determined. The next stage involved developing two models of representative FASs and the availability, pre-ageing time and operating process security indices. Determining operational indices is a rational selection of FAS technical and organizational solutions that enables the reliability level to be increased. Identifying the course of the FAS operating process security hazard changes in individual system lines, particularly at the initial operation stage, enables people that supervise the operation to affect operating parameters on an ongoing basis. The article is structured in the following order: issue analysis, FAS power supply in CIB, operational test results, selected FAS operating process models, determination of operational and security indices, and conclusions.
Highlights
Fire alarm system (FAS) devices are security devices and, within the meaning of the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council No 305 of 9 March 2011 (CPR), are treated and marketed in specific countries as building materials [1,2]
Namely protection of life, environment or accumulated movable and immovable property in buildings supervised by FAS, all devices, accumulator banks constituting backup power sources, FAS elements and modules are very important in terms of the fire safety of a given building or structure [4,5] (Figure 1)
Due to the power demand and rated currents flowing in the lines and circuits, the FAS power supply voltage is 24 V, unlike other security systems operated in such facilities, e.g., closed-circuit TV (CCTV), access control system (ACS) or the intrusion detection system (IDS) [50,51]
Summary
Fire alarm system (FAS) devices are security devices and, within the meaning of the Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council No 305 of 9 March 2011 (CPR), are treated and marketed in specific countries as building materials [1,2]. It is achieved through hooking-up additional fire alarm system sub-panels, which are slaves to a master FACU [14,15] In such a case, A-type detection circuits, B-type radial lines with detectors and audio–optical signaling devices monitor separate fire zones within buildings that may be located over a vast area. The FAS analysis and operational tests conducted by the authors took into account all currently operated modern detectors that are installed in detection lines and circuits This was considered in FAS operational graphs and models in the form of the actual numerical values for the indicators of λ damage and μ repair intensities. Such an analysis was not conducted during conversations with company representatives, users or the service
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