Abstract
Application of power-to-gas (P2G) technology can implement bidirectional energy flow between power network and gas network, which contribute to improved energy coupling, better operational flexibility, and high economic efficiency in the integrated energy system (IES). This study proposes a detailed IES model based on the refined P2G model according to the characteristics of P2G equipment. An optimal efficiency matching coefficient is proposed to increase the rate of energy equipment utilization. To address the carbon allocation problem, the carbon trading mechanism is employed in an optimization model with the consideration of economic benefits and costs (i.e., sales benefits, operating cost, carbon trading cost, wind power, and photovoltaic curtailment punishments). Case studies verify the advantage of the proposed optimization model. Furthermore, the results show that the P2G with gas tank mode has an obvious advantage in a comprehensive operating capability of IES.
Highlights
P2G technology, as one of the core links of integrated energy system (IES), which contributes to strengthen electric-gas coupling, is an important way to reduce the rate of wind power and photovoltaic curtailment [4]
The CHP unit in IES can capture carbon dioxide for P2G equipment to synthesize methane. e process of supplying hydrogen has contributed to reducing the carbon emissions of IES due to no carbon dioxide produced during the combustion of hydrogen. e reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by consuming hydrogen can be calculated with the amount of natural gas replacement. e carbon emission replacement coefficient λH2C is 0.185 kg/kW·h [23]. erefore, in carbon trading, the amount of carbon dioxide consumed in the P2G process and the carbon dioxide equivalent emission reduction in hydrogen storage is included in the total carbon emissions of the system. e formulas can be described as follows: T
Analysis of Optimization Results in Different Cases. e optimization results of electric power are shown in Parameter ηMR ηH.ch ηH.di s ηg.ch ηg.di s ηGB
Summary
With the rapid growth of global fossil energy demands and the increasing prominence of environmental issues, China actively promotes the development of clean and low-carbon power. P2G technology, as one of the core links of IES, which contributes to strengthen electric-gas coupling, is an important way to reduce the rate of wind power and photovoltaic curtailment [4]. On this basis, introducing P2G equipment into IES can produce H2 and CH4 through consuming CO2 [5, 6] to reduce carbon emissions and energy purchases. International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems e carbon trading mechanism is an effective way to reduce carbon emissions and promote the development of clean and low-carbon power [13]. Considering the laddertype carbon trading mechanism [14, 15], more low-carbon energy can be utilized to reduce carbon emissions with reduced economic benefits of IES. Studies mentioned above focused on tracing carbon emissions of energy conversion process, but there is a lack of consideration of the effect of P2G technology
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