Abstract
Milwaukee has integrated the operation of its two large secondary treatment plants in a manner similar to that of an industrial complex. Raw materials, intermediate and final products are interchanged between its plants to optimize process capacity, O/M costs and product delivered. The key materials interchanged have been raw wastewater, thickened waste activated sludge and digested sludge. Detailed direct operating and maintenance costs are kept for each process. Indirect costs are also allocated to each process in proportion to its direct costs. Since early 1982 it has been advantageous to transfer waste activated sludge and digested sludge from the plant producing a liquid sludge, AGRI-LIFE, for agricultural application to the plant that produces a heat dried sludge, Milorganite, for commercial sale. The interplant transfer has been by truck, however, the District is now designing a 12 mile pipeline to connect the two plants. Operations and maintenance costs are presented for each of Milwaukee's processes.
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