Abstract
This chapter builds on existing scholarship but takes several steps further, by drawing attention to three novel aspects. First, it nuances the influence of the United States in South America and contends that Operation Condor has to be placed in the framework of longer historical processes in this region. Second, it shows how the knowledge we have been able to establish regarding Operation Condor has progressively evolved in parallel to the rising availability of archival documents and access to public information. Third, since the mid-2000s, the occurrence of numerous criminal prosecutions that probed Operation Condor crimes not only contributed to apportioning individual criminal responsibility to civilian and military officers from Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru, and Uruguay for their role in the terror network, but also aided the process of the creation of historical memory about this shared history in South America.
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