Abstract

The Tile Calorimeter is the hadron calorimeter covering the central region of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Approximately 10,000 photomultipliers collect light from scintillating tiles acting as the active material sandwiched between slabs of steel absorber. This paper gives an overview of the calorimeter’s performance during the years 2008–2012 using cosmic-ray muon events and proton–proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV with a total integrated luminosity of nearly 30 fb^{-1}. The signal reconstruction methods, calibration systems as well as the detector operation status are presented. The energy and time calibration methods performed excellently, resulting in good stability of the calorimeter response under varying conditions during the LHC Run 1. Finally, the Tile Calorimeter response to isolated muons and hadrons as well as to jets from proton–proton collisions is presented. The results demonstrate excellent performance in accord with specifications mentioned in the Technical Design Report.

Highlights

  • The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter structure and read-out electronicsThe light generated in each plastic scintillator is collected at two edges, and transported to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) by wavelength shifting (WLS) fibres [5]

  • 2.6 m long.1 Full azimuthal coverage around the beam axis is achieved with 64 wedge-shaped modules, each covering φ = 0.1 radians

  • A detailed description of the ATLAS TileCal is provided in a dedicated Technical Design Report [3]; the construction, optical instrumentation and installation into the ATLAS detector are described in Refs. [4,5]

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Summary

The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter structure and read-out electronics

The light generated in each plastic scintillator is collected at two edges, and transported to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) by wavelength shifting (WLS) fibres [5]. A typical cell is read out on each side (edge) by one PMT, each corresponding to one channel. Each channel consists of a unit called a PMT block, which contains the light-mixer, PMT tube and voltage divider, and a so-called 3-in-1 card [7,8]. This card is responsible for fast signal shaping in two gains (with a bi-gain ratio of 1:64), the slow integration of the PMT signal, and provides an input for a charge injection calibration system. The integrator circuit measures PMT currents (0.01 nA to 1.4 μA) over a long time window of 10–20 ms with one of the six available gains, and is used for calibration with

A12 A13
Experimental set-up
ATLAS experimental data
Monte Carlo simulations
Signal reconstruction
Channel time calibration and corrections
Electronic noise
Pile-up noise
70 Layer BC 60 50 40 30 20 10
Calibration systems
Caesium calibration
B11 B12
Laser calibration
Minimum-bias currents
Combination of calibration methods
Data quality analysis and operation
ATLAS detector control system
Online data quality assessment and monitoring
Offline data quality review
Overall Tile Calorimeter operation
Performance studies
Energy response to single isolated muons
Cosmic-ray muon data
Isolated collision muons
Energy response with hadrons
Single hadrons
High transverse momentum jets
E TileCal
Timing performance with collision data
Jet analysis
Muon analysis
Combined results
Summary of performance studies
Conclusion
Findings
20 June 2005

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