Operating experience and design problems of surplusing works of high-head hydroelectric stations

Abstract

1. When designing new hydrostations it is necessary to provide for permanent surplusing works which are used for temporary diversion during construction. Along with overflow spillways it is necessary to provide deep spillways for discharging floodwaters and for emptying the reservoir. 2. On temporary surplusing works small outlets for fine regulation of the discharge should be provided for along with the large outlets covered by vertical-lift gates. 3. It is necessary to continue the development of high-head counterweight gates and to manufacture prototypes and test them on a high-head stand and under actual conditions for the purpose of their introduction at high-head hydrostations.