Abstract
Rh K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy was used to examine the Rh-catalyzed arene hydrogenation of diphenyl ether by a combination of stoichiometric reactions of [(CAACCy,Dipp)Rh(COD)Cl] (Rh–Cl) (CAACCy,Dipp = cyclic alkyl amino carbene) and operando XAFS kinetics studies. Our results unequivocally show that Rh nanoparticles, generated from the single-site Rh complex Rh–Cl, catalyze the arene hydrogenation. Operando XAFS studies illuminate the role of silver cation on the precatalyst reactivity, the effect of increasing H2 pressure on increasing the catalytic efficiency, the stabilizing influence of Ph2O on the relative rate of formation of active Rh nanoparticles, and the absence of soluble single-site Rh species that might leach from bulk heterogeneous Rh nanoparticles. We gained insights into the divergent deactivation pathways mediated by substoichiometric benzothiophene and excess KOtBu toward H2 activation, which is a key step en route to Rh nanoparticles for arene hydrogenati...
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