Abstract
Nickel (Ni) - gadolinium doped ceria (GDC) is one of the promising anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, they are not as stable as Ni - yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anodes at reducing atmosphere, since both Ni and GDC migrate and porous microstructure changes. The degradation behavior of the Ni-GDC anode is thus more complex than that of Ni-YSZ. In the present study, novel operando observations of the morphological changes of patterned Ni on a GDC substrate as well as conventional ex-situ measurements are conducted under SOFC operation. Both Ni and GDC moved dynamically in the range of several tens of microns during 51 h operation, where the three phase boundary (TPB) length dynamically changed during the operation. Nano-size GDC particles appeared on the Ni surface and the GDC surface was strongly roughened, which were the distinctive morphological changes of the patterned Ni-GDC anode.
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