Abstract
Hadronic interactions of very high energy cosmic rays have been studied in various aspects of motivation. In recent decades, mainly motivated by air shower experiments, modelling of very high energy cosmic ray interactions have been greatly improved together with new data obtained from high energy colliders such as the LHC. Regarding recent rapid progress of multi-messenger astronomy, a precise knowledge on secondary particle production by cosmic rays at very high energy is largely indispensable. This would give us a new insight and new motivation to study minimum bias hadronic interactions of very high energy cosmic rays.
Highlights
Cosmic rays always motivate us to study unrevealed nature
Several air shower Monte Carlo simulation packages such as CORSIKA [5] or COSMOS [6] have been developed as well as phenomenological cosmic ray interaction models dedicated for very high energy interactions such as SYBILL [7], QGSJETII [8], DPMJET3 [9], EPOS [10], besides PYTHIA [11] are often used as standard hadron interaction models in accelerator experiments
Kiyoshi Niu is known as one of those who proposed the two-fireball model in 1958, and he had made continuous efforts to understand multi-particle production at very high energy cosmic ray interactions with the nuclear emulsion techinique. He developed the Emulsion Cloud Chamber (ECC) and introduced the first automated scanning system adopted for nuclear emulsion analyses
Summary
Cosmic rays always motivate us to study unrevealed nature. In 1960s-70s, there was a great interest in high energy hadronic interactions by cosmic ray experiments to reveal the mechanism of multi-particle production at very high energies before large accelerators were built [1]. The precision of the measurement depends on the accuracy of modelling air shower development where minimum-bias hadronic interactions at very high energy play an essential role In this context, several air shower Monte Carlo simulation packages such as CORSIKA [5] or COSMOS [6] have been developed as well as phenomenological cosmic ray interaction models dedicated for very high energy interactions such as SYBILL [7], QGSJETII [8], DPMJET3 [9], EPOS [10], besides PYTHIA [11] are often used as standard hadron interaction models in accelerator experiments.
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