Abstract
New actors, actants, and activities have entered journalism’s spaces in recent years. While this has raised the potential for the disruption of existing social orders, such heterogeneous assemblages also provide fruitful grounds for substantive innovation within “trading zones.” This article explores one such potential zone, the code-sharing platform GitHub, delineating the primary actors oriented around the boundary object of “news,” the objectives of their projects, the nature of their collaborations, and their use of software licenses. The analysis examines attributes of 88,776 news-oriented project repositories, with a smaller subsample subjected to a manual content analysis. Findings show that this trading zone consisted primarily of journalistic outsiders; repositories focused on technological solutions to distributional challenges and efforts that made journalism more transparent; that there was limited direct trade via the use of collaborative affordances on the platform; and that only a minority of repositories employed a permissive license favored by open-source advocates. This leads to a broader conclusion that while GitHub may be discursively important within journalism and certainly provides an avenue for actors to enter journalism’s periphery, it offers a limited pathway for those peripheral actors to move closer to the center of journalism. That, in turn, impacts the platform’s—and its users’—ability to reconfigure if not spur a reimagining of journalism’s meanings, conventions, and allocations of different forms of capital.
Highlights
Journalism has become a more porous profession than ever before (Lewis & Zamith, 2017)
This study provides empirical evidence for evaluating previously raised assumptions about the growing interplay of actors and actants from both inside and outside journalism around the boundary object of ‘news.’ The GitHub trading zone consisted primarily of journalistic outsiders who aimed to offer technological solutions to distributional challenges and to make journalism more transparent
That many of the contributors analyzed were unaffiliated individuals highlights the growing number of ‘tinkerers’ drawn to journalism and raises important questions about the perceived legitimacy and authority of peripheral actors lacking institutional backing (Carlson, 2017), and how social capital is redistributed within highly dynamic spaces (Lewis & Zamith, 2017)
Summary
Journalism has become a more porous profession than ever before (Lewis & Zamith, 2017). Participants often engage around boundary objects—concrete or abstract objects that carry different meanings in different social arenas but are sufficiently recognizable as to permit coordination among the members of those distinct realms (Star & Griesemer, 1989). Such coordination may, in turn, alter meanings, conventions, and the allocation of both symbolic and material resources within specific spaces and a broader field, such as journalism (Lewis & Zamith, 2017). The notion of ‘news’ has been examined as an important boundary object by scholars (e.g., Belair-Gagnon & Holton, 2018; Boyles, 2019; Lewis & Usher, 2016)
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