Abstract
Network operators must deal with multi-layer architectures in their production networks. Not so much time ago, network operators were delivering the IP traffic using ATM. ATM protocol was used to aggregate end-user traffic coming from DSL connections. This traffic was transported Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) as the standard transport technology for fiber-optic transmission systems in backbone networks. There are still networks operating this way. However, current deployments are based on an IP/MPLS layer, either on their own (using dark fiber) or supported by an optical switching network (WDM, OTN, etc.). The IP/MPLS switching and routing are the layers that take advantage of statistical multiplexing and maximize the utilization of the optical links created in the underlying layer.
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