Abstract
Abstract. The state of the art of 3D surveying technologies, if correctly applied, allows to obtain 3D coloured models of large open pit mines using different technologies as terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), with images, combined with UAV based digital photogrammetry. GNSS and/or total station are also currently used to geo reference the model. The University of Brescia has been realised a project to map in 3D an open pit mine located in Botticino, a famous location of marble extraction close to Brescia in North Italy. Terrestrial Laser Scanner 3D point clouds combined with RGB images and digital photogrammetry from UAV have been used to map a large part of the cave. By rigorous and well know procedures a 3D point cloud and mesh model have been obtained using an easy and rigorous approach. After the description of the combined mapping process, the paper describes the innovative process proposed for the daily/weekly update of the model itself. To realize this task a SLAM technology approach is described, using an innovative approach based on an innovative instrument capable to run an automatic localization process and real time on the field change detection analysis.
Highlights
1.1 General introductionNowadays Geomatics offers to the surveyors a large number of surveying technologies, procedures and instruments
If we want to apply a surveying technique to a mining site, as the well know excavation site of the "Botticino white marble", we could use a aerial photogrammetry for the survey of the whole site, with total station or laser scanning acquisition depending on the configuration and geometry of the part of the mine under analysis
In this way we could get a better coverage of the marble fronts and we could have a 3D direct data to check the geometry obtained with aerial photogrammetry
Summary
Nowadays Geomatics offers to the surveyors a large number of surveying technologies, procedures and instruments. The surveying technologies well describe and face how to apply instruments and elaboration procedures to survey a site. The excavation, groundworks and movements of digged material processes are often very complex and it is not easy to maintain the control of the areas with volumes changes For this reason we have implemented and described a real time change detection procedure to make possible the highlight of areas of changes to drive the frequent activities of 3D surveying and digital documentation. For this reason the technologies used for the full site surveying are usually aerial photogrammetry by UAVs and TLS for the vertical cliffs mapping. The cave is inside the municipality of Botticino, located in North Italy, close to the lake of Garda and it is characterized of high vertical excavation cliff (see figure 1)
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