Open justice transformations impacting extended reality (XR) environments

Abstract

ABSTRACT This paper continues the discussion on advanced jurisprudence, outlined in Algorithms, Ethics and Justice [Hadzi, A. 2022. ‘Algorithms, Ethics and Justice’. In Disruptive Technologies in Media, Arts and Design, edited by A. Dingli, A. Pfeiffer, A. Serada, M. Bugeja, and S. Bezzina, 121–138. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93780-5_9], where restorative justice was proposed for the mitigation of artificial intelligence (AI) crimes. Algorithms, Ethics and Justice proposed an alternative approach to the current legal system by looking into restorative justice for AI crimes, and how the ethics of care could be applied to AI technologies. This paper will expand the notion of cyber crimes from AI crimes to extended reality (XR) crimes, given the rise of the metaverse [Anderson, J., and L. Rainie. 2022. The Metaverse in 2040. Pew Research Center; Chohan, 2022], and the future scenario of bio-metrical data of EEG capable headsets (Graham, 2022) being misused by rogue companies and/or criminals [Jaber, T. A. 2022. ‘Security Risks of the Metaverse World’. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies 16 (13); Nair, V., G. M. Garrido, and D. Song. 2022. Exploring the Unprecedented Privacy Risks of the Metaverse (arXiv:2207.13176). arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2207.13176; Zhao, R., Y. Zhang, Y. Zhu, R. Lan, and Z. Hua. 2022. Metaverse: Security and Privacy Concerns (arXiv:2203.03854). arXiv. doi:10.48550/arXiv.2203.03854].