Abstract
The concept of open innovation is currently one of the key issues regarding the innovative development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (SMEs). It has been the subject of research both in the theoretical and empirical context. At present, there is no unambiguous definition conceptualizing the conceptual scope of open innovation (OI). However, enterprises do not always decide by themselves to be open to the environment. Therefore, determinants are important, as they encourage enterprises to greater openness, which can be treated as a key element of a value chain for SMEs, contributing to their innovative development. Classification of these determinants (also named as factors) is very poor in the literature. Generally, internal and external determinants are identified. Authors decide on the selection of these factors and their division by themselves. The research presented in this article has indicated the existence of several significant regularities. Firstly, larger entities are more likely to use the OI concept. Secondly, market determinants are the most important for the use of OI among SMEs. Thirdly, both internal and external determinants have a huge impact on the application of the OI concept, with external determinants being more significant for smaller rather than larger entities. The conclusions drawn were a consequence of the assumed aim of the article: The assessment of the influence of determinants that affect the use of the OI concept among SMEs in Poland.
Highlights
Open innovation (OI) is increasingly often investigated in the world literature in a variety of contexts and areas
The first concerns the issue related to the existence of relationships between the company’s internal characteristics and their impact on the use of the open innovation (OI) concept by SMEs
Here the research question can be posed as follows: (RQ1) Which of the internal factors can be considered as determinants of the use of the OI concept and what is their strength and direction of impact? This applies to three selected features, such as company size, market experience, and territorial market scope
Summary
Open innovation (OI) is increasingly often investigated in the world literature in a variety of contexts and areas. It should be emphasized that the use of OI (and innovative development) is not a prerequisite for the functioning of SMEs, especially in industries (branches) referred to as “traditional” based on the classic division of the branches of industry operating for a long time used in the adopted classification in force in a given country. It is difficult to state that deficiencies in innovative solutions (and the use of OI) in these industries negatively affect their market position and contribute to economic problems, it can be said that the industries in question lack new directions of development [7].
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