Open defecation and attainment of Sustainable Development Goal Six: evidence from Kintampo Surveillance System, Ghana.

Sulemana W Abubakari,Kwaku P Asante,Felix B Oppong,Kenneth Wiru,Charles Zandoh,Grace Manu,Mahama Abukari,Edward A Apraku

doi:10.4314/gmj.v55i4.7

Sulemana W Abubakari, Kwaku P Asante + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v55i4.7

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Abstract

This study examined whether the open-defecation (OD) free target is achievable by 2030. Longitudinal study. Seven sub-Districts of Kintampo North Municipal, and five sub-Districts of Kintampo South District. Kintampo health and demographic surveillance system. Data was collected from household heads or their representatives over a 12-year period from 2005 to 2016. Open-defecation and attainment of OD free by 2030. In an exploratory analysis, the correlation between the total number of households, year, and total number of OD households was obtained. The average percentage yearly increase or decrease in OD was computed and used to project the percentage of OD for the years 2020, 2025 and 2030. In addition, geo-spatial technology was used to visualize variability in OD across the twelve sub-Districts. The results showed that the OD free target is not achievable in 2030 or even if the current trend continues. In 2016, 44.2 per cent of the 31,571 households defecated openly. In six out of the 12 sub-Districts, more than half of the households openly defecated. Four out of these six sub-Districts were in the Kintampo North Municipality. The 2030 OD free target is not achievable in the Kintampo districts of Ghana if the current trend continues. Kintampo Health Research Centre funded this work.

Highlights

As part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), target 6.2 of SDG 6 aims at ending open defecation (OD) globally by 2030.1, 2
2013 estimated how many countries would achieve OD free status by 2015. They observed that only a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa made significant progress toward reducing OD prevalence
Study area and population Households’ data for this study was extracted from the Kintampo Health and Demographic Surveillance System (KHDSS), which covers the Kintampo North Municipal and the Kintampo South District located in the middle part of Ghana

Summary

Introduction

As part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), target 6.2 of SDG 6 aims at ending open defecation (OD) globally by 2030.1, 2 progress to date has been very slow, especially for countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).[3]. A few countries, namely Angola, Botswana, South Africa and Ethiopia, made some progress.[5,9,10] Galan et al, 2013 estimated how many countries would achieve OD free status by 2015. They observed that only a few countries in sub-Saharan Africa made significant progress toward reducing OD prevalence. They noted that only one country out of 34 countries analyzed, Angola, is expected to end OD by 2015.11

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