Abstract
The introduction of an optical resonator can enable efficient and precise interaction between a photon and a solid-state emitter. It facilitates the study of strong light-matter interaction, polaritonic physics and presents a powerful interface for quantum communication and computing. A pivotal aspect in the progress of light-matter interaction with solid-state systems is the challenge of combining the requirements of cryogenic temperature and high mechanical stability against vibrations while maintaining sufficient degrees of freedom for in-situ tunability. Here, we present a fiber-based open Fabry-P\'{e}rot cavity in a closed-cycle cryostat exhibiting ultra-high mechanical stability while providing wide-range tunability in all three spatial directions. We characterize the setup and demonstrate the operation with the root-mean-square cavity length fluctuation of less than $90$ pm at temperature of $6.5$ K and integration bandwidth of $100$ kHz. Finally, we benchmark the cavity performance by demonstrating the strong-coupling formation of exciton-polaritons in monolayer WSe$_2$ with a cooperativity of $1.6$. This set of results manifests the open-cavity in a closed-cycle cryostat as a versatile and powerful platform for low-temperature cavity QED experiments.
Highlights
The utilization of quantum physics promises to improve or even disrupt several technological fields such as computing, communication, simulation, and metrology [1]
A pivotal aspect in the progress of light-matter interaction with solid-state systems is the challenge of combining the requirements of cryogenic temperature and high mechanical stability against vibrations while maintaining sufficient degrees of freedom for in situ tunability
We benchmark the cavity performance by demonstrating the strong-coupling formation of exciton polaritons in monolayer WSe2 with a cooperativity of 1.6. This set of results manifests the open cavity in a closed-cycle cryostat as a versatile and powerful platform for low-temperature cavity QED experiments
Summary
The utilization of quantum physics promises to improve or even disrupt several technological fields such as computing, communication, simulation, and metrology [1]. A promising platform for cavity QED is an open Fabry-Pérot cavity where a fiber-based micromirror forms a cavity with high finesse and minimal mode volumes with a macroscopic counterpart mirror that supports the solid-state system of interest [14,15,16]. A useful open-cavity cryogenic platform has to address this primary challenge of achieving robust mechanical stability It should maintain all degrees of tunability and control for in situ positioning of the two mirrors in all three spatial dimensions. More recent experiments in a closed-cycle cryostat so far have achieved only limited mechanical stability, even in highly customized systems, and do not include or quantify in situ large-range tunability in various degrees of freedom [26,27,28,29,30]. Using our tunable cavity platform with WSe2 monolayer, we observe exciton polaritons by controlling the energy detuning between cavity photons and TMD excitons
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