Abstract

APARTHEID Ethnic Cleansing some provinces, the formation of separate school systems for Catholics and Protestants, are all examples of the prinaple of separation being used as a device to reduce tension and maintain control. When South Africa introduced its system of African reserves (later called Bantustans or Homelands) it was following a well established precedent in colonial history. The English Pale in France and Ireland, the partition of Ireland and later India (establishing Pakistan and later Bangladesh), and the division of Cyprus, all are examples of REFUGE the political application of the principle.

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