Abstract
Open access, free access, and the public domain are different concepts. The International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) permanently guarantees free and unrestricted access to nucleotide sequence data for all researchers, irrespective of nationality or affiliation. However, recent virus information is primarily distributed via the restricted-access repository known as the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Flu Data (GISAID) supported by the World Health Organization. As compensation for the restriction, GISAID needs to meet its initial goal of benefit-sharing among countries and to curb ongoing vaccine diplomacy campaigns.
Highlights
Open access, free access, and the public domain are different concepts
The EMBL data library is called the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA); it is located at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI, Hinxton, UK)
CHALLENGE BY THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. Another challenge to the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC) derives from an international treaty, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD – https://cbd.int), which was signed by 150 countries in 1992 to promote globally sustainable development
Summary
The collaboration among nucleotide sequence databases began in 1982 and involved the data library at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany) and GenBank at the Los Alamos Science Laboratory, called the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL, New Mexico, USA). In 1987, the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ, Mishima, Japan) joined the collaboration as the third node in Asia (Fukuda et al, 2021) This collaboration was later called the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC – http://www.insdc.org) (Brunak et al, 2002). The INSDC policy permanently guarantees free and unrestricted access to all data using unique identifiers (accession numbers) representing permanent aliases of the original information (Arita et al, 2021; Brunak et al, 2002).
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