Abstract
To analyze the dietary intake of energy, macronutrients and fatty acids(FA) of pregnant women with placental insufficiency, and to compare with pregnant women without this obstetric complication. A prospective cross-sectional study with following inclusion criteria: singleton pregnancy, fetus alive; above 26 weeks gestation; diagnosis of placental insufficiency characterized by abnormal umbilical artery Doppler (PI > 95p); absence of fetal abnormalities or diabetes, without omega n-3 supplementation. The maternal dietary intake was investigated by applying the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) able to characterize maternal intake during the last 3 months. We analyzed the absolute values and the % of total energy value(TEV). We included 21 pregnant women in the study group with placental insufficiency and 21 pregnant women in the control group. No difference was found in the median BMI (study group = 26.5 kg/m2, control group = 28.0 kg/m2, p = 0.563). The analysis of the FFQ demonstrated maternal intake of energy was significant higher in the group with placental insufficiency than control group (2002 kcal vs.1515 kcal, p = 0.021). With regard to the consumption of FA, there was a significant difference in the percentage of TEV in the group with placental insufficiency compared with the control group: saturated fatty acids (11.5% vs.9.3%, p = 0.043), polyunsaturated FA (2.7% vs.3.6%, p = 0.029), monounsaturated FA (1.2% vs.2.1%, p = 0.005). There were no significant differences in diet quality regarding the consumption evaluated according to the % of TEV: carbohydrates (51.5% vs. 51.8%, p = 0.831), protein (15.3% vs. 16.1%, p = 0.458), total FA (37.8% vs. 33.0%, p = 0.831). Pregnant women with the placental insufficiency reported lower quality of dietary fatty acids consumption. Mothers with placental insufficiency presented higher intake of saturated fatty acids, and lower intake of polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, and greater energy consumption.
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