Abstract
plasma [13C]-ketoisocaproate and leucine oxidation from breath CO2. Results: Compared with placebo, oral citrulline supplementation increased plasma citrulline (mean±SD, 303±98 vs. 27±5mmol/L, P< 0.001), arginine (163±25 vs.72±154mmol/L, P< 0.001) and ornithine (96±37 vs. 52±14mmol/L, P< 0.001) concentrations, but failed to affect albumin, transthyretin, insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 plasma concentrations, urinary nitrate excretion, or nitrogen balance ( 4.8±2.4 vs. 4.1±2.5 g/6 h). Protein breakdown (125±8 vs. 124±9 mmol/kg/h), leucine oxidation (23±3 vs. 22±4mmol/ kg/h), and whole-body protein synthesis (102±9 vs. 102±6mmol/kg/h) were not affected by citrulline supplementation. Conclusion: In healthy volunteers, oral citrulline does not affect whole-body protein kinetics in the postabsorptive state, but strongly increases plasma citrulline and arginine availabilities.
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