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Abstract
The outcome of pregnancy is closely linked to early events that occur during the onset of embryogenesis. The first stages in embryonic development are mainly governed by the storage of maternal factors present in the oocyte at the time of fertilisation. In this review, we outline the different classes of oocyte transcripts that may be involved in activation of the embryonic genome as well as those associated with epigenetic reprogramming, imprinting maintenance or the control of transposon mobilisation during preimplantation development. We also report the influence of cumulus-oocyte crosstalk during the maturation process on the oocyte transcriptome and how in vitro procedures can affect these interactions.
Highlights
The notion of embryo quality refers to the capacity of an embryo to develop and support successful pregnancy to full term
Epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like peptides produced by cumulus cells (CCs) promote the mRNA expression of genes such as prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PTGS2) that are involved in the cumulus expansion process
We previously reported that the addition of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to in vitro maturation (IVM)/IVF media promotes embryonic cell survival and cell lineage development during the two weeks of the preimplantation period in cattle (Nuttinck et al, 2017)
Summary
The notion of embryo quality refers to the capacity of an embryo to develop and support successful pregnancy to full term. The stockpile of maternal RNAs and proteins, which are stored within the oocyte during oogenesis, sustains the first stages of development until embryonic genome activation (EGA; Vigneault et al, 2009; Deutsch et al, 2014). The major EGA that conveys the transition from maternal to the embryonic control of embryo development occurs gradually from the 8- to the 16-cell stage (Graf et al, 2014).
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