Abstract
Oocyte penetration is an essential step for many biological technologies, such as animal cloning, embryo microinjection, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Although the success rate of robotic cell penetration is very high now, the development potential of oocytes after penetration has not been significantly improved compared with manual operation. In this paper, we optimized the oocyte penetration speed based on the intracellular strain. We firstly analyzed the intracellular strain at different penetration speeds and performed the penetration experiments on porcine oocytes. Secondly, we studied the cell development potential after penetration at different penetration speeds. The statistical results showed that the percentage of large intracellular strain decreased by 80% and the maximum and average intracellular strain decreased by 25–38% at the penetration speed of 50 μm/s compared to at 10 μm/s. Experiment results showed that the cleavage rates of the oocytes after penetration increased from 65.56% to 86.36%, as the penetration speed increased from 10 to 50 μm/s. Finally, we verified the gene expression of oocytes after penetration at different speeds. The experimental results showed that the totipotency and antiapoptotic genes of oocytes were significantly higher after penetration at the speed of 50 μm/s, which verified the effectiveness of the optimization method at the gene level.
Highlights
We optimized the oocyte penetration speed based on the intracellular strain
The experimental results showed that the totipotency and antiapoptotic genes of oocytes were significantly higher after penetration at the speed of 50 μm/s, which verified the effectiveness of the optimization speed at the gene level
We firstly analyzed the intracellular strain under different penetration speeds and performed the penetration experiments on porcine oocytes
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The oocyte penetration is an essential step in many biological technologies, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) [1–7], embryo microinjection [8–10], and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) [11–14]. Improving the oocyte development potential after penetration operation can directly improve the cell development potential of these complex biological cell experiments with penetration operation. The success rate of robotic cell penetration is very high the development potential of oocytes and embryos after being penetrated has not been significantly improved compared with manual operation. The success rate of injection of robotic ICSI by Lu et al has reached 90%, but the subsequent cell development potential is not improved compared with manual results [12]. Mattos automatically injected the blastocyst, which resulted in a
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