Сontradiction of Land Ownership Changes as a Cause of Conflict Generation in Kazakhstan

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to reveal the issue of changing the forms of ownership of land, as the cause of various kinds of conflicts in Kazakhstan. Ownership of land among nomadic peoples differs from those who led a settled way of life, and has its own specific features. In this regard, the territory of Kazakhstan was no exception. The main goal of the land reform being carried out in the country, the change in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, are the tasks of effective regulation of land relations and increasing the culture of caring for the land. One of the tasks was partially solved, “people’s ownership” of the land was recognized. Nevertheless, land inspections showed negative trends in the use of agricultural land: the withdrawal of arable land from circulation, the degradation of soil fertility, part of the land resources becomes the object of speculation, raider seizures. All this creates the ground for conflictogens and a threat to the national security of Kazakhstan. Recently, the works of Kazakhstani scientists devoted to the problems of land ownership have appeared. But many issues of land relations need further research, require the development of evidence-based recommendations for improving land ownership relations. All this clearly shows that the question of ownership of land can hardly have only one, the only correct solution. The purpose of our brief excursion into the history of the formation of land ownership is to study the causes of conflicts due to the insufficient development of theories about land ownership in Kazakhstan, despite the adopted Land Code and many existing laws. Disputes about the ownership of citizens and legal entities to land plots and, in general, about the form of ownership of land have not been completed to date.