Abstract
Studying logical thinking requires a more than logical diversity within creation. As a consequence, an answer has to be given to the issue regarding the cohering diversity given in reality. All monistic -isms should be seen as attempts to give a negative answer to this question. The legacy of Reformational philosophy, however, does make it possible to address these issues with the aid of its theory of inter-modal coherences. This theory is articulated in terms of retrocipatory and anticipatory moments of coherence (called analogies ). It enables one to come up with an evaluation evincing both a sense of critique and a sense of solidarity with what is called - in certain contexts of the philosophy of science - epistemic values ”, In addition it provides one with a method to analyze the nature and scope of fundamental logical principles - viewed as modal analogies which at the lawside of the analytical aspect o f reality refer to other aspects of reality. In particular - against the background of certain starting points in Greek thought - a closer account is given of the controversial status o f the principle o f the excluded middle. In conclusion - with reference to particular examples - attention is given to various ways of exercising critique.
Highlights
Studying logical thinking requires a more than logical diversity within creation
The methodological implication of this starting-point provides us with a new insight into the nature of logical principles, such as the principle o f identity, the principle o f contradiction, the principle of the exluded middle and the principle of sufficient reason {principium rationis sufficientis)
One may view the rise o f Reformational philosophy, in the Kuhnian sense o f the word, as a scientific revolution, one is justified in claiming that this new philosophical perspective developed by giving an answer to basic issues in philosophy showing continuity with the rich philosophical legacy o f the West
Summary
In this article we proceed from the assumption that the ability to conceptualize, judge and argue presupposes the logical-analytical aspect of reality. It is the task of logic to use this facet of reality as its point of entry in analysing the rules governing (formal or informal) valid logical reasoning. These rules pre-suppose universal modal logical principles which are themselves dependent upon an inter-modal principle, namely that of the excluded antinomy. The structure o f the logical aspect evinces its meaning only in coherence with all the non-logical aspects o f creation. This inter-modal coherence accounts for the unavoidability o f using elementary basic concepts reflecting this inter-modal coherence. Different forms of criticism should be accounted for - such as immanent criticism, transcendent criticism, and transcendental criticism
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