Abstract
Chill tolerance was determined for various larval stages of Artemia salina in solutions with and without dual cryoprotectants (glycerol and sucrose) and in saline solutions of corresponding osmolalities. Synchronous batch cultures of larvae were removed from a donor culture at post-hatch intervals (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) and transferred immediately to solutions at -1 ± 0.2°C for 10-, 30- and 90-min intervals. Survival of control groups (cryoprotectant-free sea water, salinity 40 ppt) varied with age. In these groups, 0 h post-hatch larval survival decreased linearly with exposure time to 27.1%. Older stages, however, were insensitive to prolonged -1°C exposure after the initial 10-min period. The addition of combined glycerol-sucrose cryoprotectants to the chilled solutions enhanced survival patterns, with 0h post-hatch nauplii showing the greatest enhancement and 3-, 6- and 12-h nauplii the least. Maximum survival enhancement exceeded 250% of controls. A 4 M glycerol concentration provided more cryoprotection than 1, 2 or 3M. No enhancement was afforded any age groups maintained under hyper-saline conditions.
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